Presenting an introduction to elementary structural analysis methods and principles, this book will help readers develop a thorough understanding of both the behavior of structural systems under load and the tools needed to analyze those systems. Throughout the chapters, they'll explore both statically determinate and statically indeterminate structures. And they'll find hands-on examples and problems that illustrate key concepts and give them opportunity to apply what they've learned.

Dedication vii
 Preface xiii
 PART ONE: STATICALLY DETERMINATE STRUCTURES 1(572)
 Introduction 3(13)
 Structural Analysis and Design 3(1)
 History of Structural Analysis 4(3)
 Basic Principles of Structural Analysis 7(1)
 Structural Components and Systems 8(1)
 Structural Forces 9(2)
 Structural Idealization (Line Diagrams) 11(2)
 Calculation Accuracy 13(1)
 Checks on Problems 13(1)
 Impact of Computers on Structural Analysis 14(2)
 Structural Loads 16(27)
 Introduction 16(1)
 Structural Safety 17(1)
 Specifications and Building Codes 17(3)
 Types of Structural Loads 20(1)
 Dead Loads 20(1)
 Live Loads 21(2)
 Live Load Impact Factors 23(1)
 Live Loads on Roofs 23(1)
 Rain Loads 24(2)
 Wind Loads 26(3)
 Simplified ASCE Procedure for Estimating Wind Loads 29(2)
 Detailed ASCE Procedure for Estimating Wind Loads 31(1)
 Seismic Loads 32(2)
 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure for Estimating Seismic Loads 34(3)
 Snow Loads 37(3)
 Other Loads 40(1)
 Problems for Solution 41(2)
 System Loading and Behavior 43(14)
 Introduction 43(1)
 Tributary Areas 44(4)
 Influence Areas 48(1)
 Live Load Reduction 48(2)
 Loading Conditions for Allowable Stress Design 50(2)
 Loading Conditions for Strength Design 52(3)
 Concept of the Force Envelope 55(1)
 Problems for Solution 56(1)
 Reactions 57(38)
 Equilibrium 57(1)
 Moving Bodies 57(1)
 Calculation of Unknowns 58(1)
 Types of Support 59(2)
 Stability, Determinacy, and Indeterminacy 61(3)
 Unstable Equilibrium and Geometric Instability 64(1)
 Sign Convention 65(1)
 Free-Body Diagrams 66(1)
 Horizontal and Vertical Components 67(1)
 Reactions by Proportions 67(1)
 Reactions Calculated by Equations of Statics 68(3)
 Principle of Superposition 71(1)
 The Simple Cantilever 72(1)
 Cantilevered Structures 73(2)
 Reaction Calculations for Cantilevered Structures 75(2)
 Arches 77(1)
 Three-Hinged Arches 78(5)
 Uses of Arches and Cantilevered Structures 83(1)
 Cables 83(5)
 Problems for Solution 88(7)
 Shearing Force and Bending Moment 95(22)
 Introduction 95(2)
 Shear Diagrams 97(1)
 Moment Diagrams 98(1)
 Relations Among Loads, Shearing Forces, and Bending Moments 98(1)
 Moment Diagrams Drawn from Shear Diagrams 99(7)
 Shear and Moment Diagrams for Statically Determinate Frames 106(4)
 Shearing Force and Bending Moment Equations 110(2)
 Problems for Solution 112(5)
 Introduction to Plane Trusses 117(26)
 Introduction 117(1)
 Assumptions for Truss Analysis 118(1)
 Truss Notation 119(1)
 Roof Trusses 120(1)
 Bridge Trusses 121(1)
 Arrangement of Truss Members 122(1)
 Statical Determinacy of Trusses 123(4)
 Methods of Analysis and Conventions 127(2)
 Method of Joints 129(5)
 Computer Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses 134(1)
 Example Computer Problem 135(3)
 Problems for Solution 138(5)
 Plane Trusses, Continued 143(25)
 Analysis by the Method of Sections 143(1)
 Application of the Method of Sections 144(7)
 Method of Shears 151(2)
 Zero-Force Members 153(2)
 When Assumptions Are Not Correct 155(1)
 Simple, Compound, and Complex Trusses 156(1)
 The Zero-Load Test 157(2)
 Stability 159(2)
 Equations of Condition 161(1)
 Problems for Solution 162(6)
 Three-Dimensional or Space Trusses 168(17)
 Introduction 168(1)
 Basic Principles 168(1)
 Equations of Static Equilibrium 169(2)
 Stability of Space Trusses 171(1)
 Special Theorems Applying to Space Trusses 171(1)
 Types of Support 172(1)
 Illustrative Examples 173(5)
 Solution Using Simultaneous Equations 178(2)
 Example Problem with SABLE32 180(2)
 Problems for Solution 182(3)
 Influence Lines for Beams 185(19)
 Introduction 185(1)
 The Influence Line Defined 185(1)
 Influence Lines for Simple Beam Reactions 186(1)
 Influence Lines for Simple Beam Shearing Forces 187(1)
 Influence Lines for Simple Beam Moments 188(1)
 Qualitative Influence Lines 189(5)
 Uses of Influence Lines; Concentrated Loads 194(1)
 Uses of Influence Lines: Uniform Loads 195(1)
 Common Simple Beam Formulas from Influence Lines 196(1)
 Determining Maximum Loading Effects Using Influence Lines 197(1)
 Maximum Loading Effects Using Beam Curvature 198(1)
 Impact Loading 199(2)
 Problems for Solution 201(3)
 Truss Influence Lines and Moving Loads 204(21)
 Influence Lines for Trusses 204(1)
 Arrangement of Bridge Floor Systems 204(2)
 Influence Lines for Truss Reactions 206(1)
 Influence Lines for Member Forces of Parallel-Chord Trusses 206(2)
 Influence Lines for Members Forces of Nonparallel Chord Trusses 208(2)
 Influence Lines for K Truss 210(1)
 Determination of Maximum Forces 211(2)
 Counters in Bridge Trusses 213(2)
 Live Loads for Highway Bridges 215(4)
 Live Loads for Railway Bridges 219(1)
 Maximum Values for Moving Loads 220(3)
 Problems for Solution 223(2)
 Deflections and Angle Changes Using Geometric Methods 225(23)
 Introduction 225(1)
 Sketching Deformed Shapes of Structures 225(5)
 Reasons for Computing Deflections 230(2)
 The Moment-Area Theorems 232(2)
 Application of the Moment-Area Theorems 234(7)
 Analysis of Fixed-End Beams 241(2)
 Maxwell's Law of Reciprocal Deflections 243(2)
 Problems for Solution 245(3)
 Deflections and Angle Changes Using Geometric Methods Continued 248(16)
 The Method of Elastic Weights 248(1)
 Application of the Method of Elastic Weights 249(5)
 Limitations of the Elastic-Weight Method 254(1)
 Conjugate-Beam Method 255(2)
 Summary of Conjugate Beams 257(1)
 Equilibrium 257(1)
 Summary of Beam Relations 258(1)
 Application of the Conjugate Method to Beams 258(2)
 Long Term Deflections 260(1)
 Application of the Conjugate Method to Frames 261(1)
 Problems for Solution 261(3)
 Deflection and Angle Changes Using Energy Methods 264(33)
 Introduction to Energy Methods 264(1)
 Conservation of Energy Principle 264(1)
 Virtual Work or Complementary Virtual Work Method 265(2)
 Truss Deflections by Virtual Work 267(2)
 Application of Virtual Work to Trusses 269(4)
 Deflections of Beams and Frames by Virtual Work 273(1)
 Example Problems for Beams and Frames 274(7)
 Rotations or Angle Changes by Virtual Work 281(2)
 Introduction to Castigliano's Theorems 283(1)
 Castigliano's Second Theorem 284(5)
 Problems for Solution 289(8)
 PART TWO: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES
 Classical Methods
 Introduction to Statically Indeterminate Structures 297(8)
 Introduction 297(1)
 Continuous Structures 298(2)
 Advantages of Statically Indeterminate Structures 300(2)
 Disadvantages of Statically Indeterminate Structures 302(1)
 Methods of Analyzing Statically Indeterminate Structures 302(2)
 Looking Ahead 304(1)
 Force Methods of Analyzing Statically Indeterminate Structures 305(17)
 Beams and Frames with One Redundant 305(9)
 Beams and Frames with Two or More Redundants 314(2)
 Support Settlement 316(4)
 Problems for Solution 320(2)
 Force Methods for Analyzing Statically Indeterminate Structures Continued 322(25)
 Analysis of Externally Redundant Trusses 322(4)
 Analysis of Internally Redundant Trusses 326(3)
 Analysis of Trusses Redundant Internally and Externally 329(1)
 Temperature Changes, Shrinkage, Fabrication Errors, and So On 330(2)
 Castigliano's First Theorem 332(9)
 Analysis Using Computers 341(1)
 Problems for Solution 342(5)
 Influence Lines for Statically Indeterminate Structures 347(16)
 Influence Lines for Statically Indeterminate Beams 347(6)
 Qualitative Influence Lines 353(3)
 Influence Lines for Statically Indeterminate Trusses 356(4)
 Problems for Solution 360(3)
 Slope Deflection: A Displacement Method of Analysis 363(26)
 Introduction 363(1)
 Derivation of Slope-Deflection Equations 363(3)
 Application of Slope Deflection to Continuous Beams 366(3)
 Continuous Beams with Simple Ends 369(2)
 Miscellaneous Items Concerning Continuous Beams 371(1)
 Analysis of Beams with Support Settlement 372(2)
 Analysis of Frames---No Sides way 374(2)
 Analysis of Frames with Sidesway 376(6)
 Analysis of Frames with Sloping Legs 382(1)
 Problems for Solution 382(7)
 PART THREE: STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES
 Common Methods in Current Practice
 Approximate Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures 389(24)
 Introduction 389(1)
 Trusses with Two Diagonals in Each Panel 390(1)
 Continuous Beams 391(4)
 Analysis of Building Frames for Vertical Loads 395(3)
 Analysis of Portal Frames 398(2)
 Analysis of Building Frames for Lateral Loads 400(7)
 Approximate Analyses of Frame Compared to ``Exact'' Analysis by SABLE32 407(1)
 Moment Distribution 408(1)
 Analysis of Vierendeel ``Trusses'' 408(2)
 Problems for Solution 410(3)
 Moment Distribution for Beams 413(20)
 Introduction 413(2)
 Basic Relations 415(2)
 Definitions 417(2)
 Sign Convention 419(1)
 Application of Moment Distribution 419(5)
 Modification of Stiffness for Simple Ends 424(1)
 Shearing Force and Bending Moment Diagrams 425(3)
 Computer Solution with SABLE32 428(2)
 Problems for Solution 430(3)
 Moment Distribution for Frames 433(28)
 Frames with Sidesway Prevented 433(2)
 Frames with Sidesway 435(2)
 Sidesway Moments 437(10)
 Frames with Sloping Legs 447(4)
 Multistory Frames 451(4)
 Computer Analysis of Frame 455(2)
 Problems for Solution 457(4)
 Introduction to Matrix Methods 461(9)
 Structural Analysis Using the Computer 461(1)
 Matrix Methods 461(1)
 Review of Matrix Algebra 462(1)
 Force and Displacement Methods of Analysis 462(1)
 Introduction to the Force or Flexibility Method 463(5)
 Problems for Solution 468(2)
 Fundamentals of the Displacement or Stiffness Method 470(24)
 Introduction 470(1)
 General Relationships 470(2)
 Stiffness Equations for Axial Force Members 472(6)
 Stiffness Equations for Flexural Members 478(9)
 Stiffness Matrix for Combined Axial and Flexural Members 487(2)
 Characteristics of Stiffness Matrices 489(1)
 Relation Between Stiffness and Flexibility Matrices 490(2)
 Problems for Solution 492(2)
 Stiffness Matrices for Inclined Members 494(24)
 General 494(1)
 Axial Force Members 494(6)
 Flexural Members 500(10)
 Loading Between Nodes 510(5)
 Problems for Solution 515(3)
 Additional Matrix Procedures 518(55)
 General 518(1)
 Addition of Stiffness Equations 518(2)
 Stiffness Matrices for Inclined Members 520(3)
 Stiffness Equations for Structures with Enforced Displacements 523(1)
 Stiffness Equations for Structures with Members Experiencing Temperature Changes 524(2)
 Stiffness Equations for Structures Whose Members Have Incorrect Lengths 526(1)
 Applications of Matrix Partitioning 526(1)
 Condensation 527(1)
 Band Width of Stiffness Matrices for General Structures 528(3)
 Problems for Solution 531(2)
 APPENDICES
 Appendix A The Catenary Equation 533(5)
 Appendix B Matrix Algebra 538(15)
 B.1 Introduction 538(1)
 B.2 Matrix Definitions and Properties 538(1)
 B.3 Special Matrix Types 539(1)
 B.4 Determinant of a Square Matrix 540(1)
 B.5 Adjoint Matrix 541(1)
 B.6 Matrix Arithmetic 542(5)
 B.7 Gauss's Method for Solving Simultaneous Equations 547(1)
 B.8 Special Topics 548(5)
 Appendix C Wind, Seismic, and Snow Load Tables and Figures 553(12)
 Appendix D Computer Analysis of Various Structures Using SAP2000 565(8)
 D.1 Introduction 565(1)
 D.2 Analysis of Plane Trusses 565(2)
 D.3 Analysis of Space Trusses 567(1)
 D.4 Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Plane Trusses 568(2)
 D.5 Analysis of Composite Structures 570(1)
 D.6 Analysis of Continuous Beams and Frames 571(2)
 Glossary 573(6)
 Index 579