In today's multi-ethnic classroom, multiculturalism plays an increasingly vital role. What it is, how it developed, and what it means for education, especially music education, are the questions that form the essence of this book. Music, Education, and Multiculturalism traces the growth anddevelopment of multicultural music education in the United States from its start in the early 1900s to the present, and describes the state of multicultural music education internationally. Beginning with a discussion of the philosophical foundations surrounding multiculturalism, Part I addresses the various definitions of multiculturalism and its associated problems and possibilities in both education at large and music education in particular. It offers a succinct discussion of thevarious philosophical concepts and rationales for a multicultural approach, and concludes with current thoughts and applications in music education. Part II follows multicultural music education in the U.S. as it paralleled changes in general education brought about by social and historical events.The last chapter in this section outlines multiculturalism in music education around the world. Part III focuses on the implications of multiculturalism for music education, both in teacher training and in classroom instruction. Designed to assist music educators at all levels in understanding and implementing multicultural education, Music, Education, and Multiculturalism provides suggestions for curricular development, offers teaching strategies, and provides practical applications including materials andmethodologies. Combining personal narrative and oral history with the support of primary and archival documents, this text is essential reading for all students and teachers of the history and foundations of music education and of multiculturalism in general education.

Preface p. xi
Acknowledgments p. xiii
The Philosophical Debate p. 1
The Difficult Question of Multiculturalism p. 3
Multiculturalism in Education and Music Education p. 4
Concepts of Multiculturalism in Education p. 9
Concepts of Multiculturalism in Music Education p. 11
Summary p. 15
The Historical Perspective p. 17
Prelude to the Twentieth Century p. 19
Historical Context p. 19
Educational Context p. 24
Music Education p. 26
Summary p. 31
The First Steps: 1900-1928 p. 32
Historical Context p. 32
Educational Context p. 36
Music Education p. 38
Summary p. 49
The International Movement: 1929-1953 p. 51
Historical Context p. 51
Educational Context p. 54
Music Education p. 55
Summary p. 63
Pivotal Changes: 1954-1967 p. 66
Historical Context p. 66
Educational Context p. 69
Music Education p. 71
Summary p. 83
Multicultural Awareness: 1968-1990 p. 85
Historical Context p. 85
Educational Context p. 88
Music Education p. 93
Summary p. 111
Since 1990 p. 113
Historical Context p. 114
Educational Context p. 115
Music Education p. 116
Summary p. 120
Interlude: The End of the Beginning p. 122
Summary p. 125
Multiculturalism in International Music Education p. 127
Great Britain p. 127
Australia p. 133
Canada p. 139
Germany p. 144
Multicultural Music Education in Other Countries p. 149
Summary p. 154
Implications for Music Education p. 157
Music Teacher Education p. 159
Multicultural Mandates and Recommendations p. 160
The College Music Curriculum p. 161
Summary p. 166
Materials and Methodologies p. 168
Methods and Materials Across History p. 168
New Materials p. 171
Methodologies p. 180
Summary p. 185
Final Considerations: Problems and Possibilities p. 187
Coda p. 193
Glossary p. 195
Recommendations of the Seventh International Conference p. 197
The Tanglewood Declaration p. 201
Symposium Resolution for Future Directions and Actions p. 203
Notes p. 205
Index p. 259