Preface xvi
 A Note for Students xxi
 1 Structure and Bonding; Acids and Bases 1
 1.1 Atomic Structure 3
 1.2 Electron Configuration of Atoms 5
 1.3 Development of Chemical Bonding Theory 6
 1.4 The Nature of Chemical Bonds 7
 1.5 Forming Covalent Bonds: Valence Bond Theory 10
 1.6 Hybridization: sp[superscript 3] Orbitals and the Structure of Methane 11
 1.7 Hybridization: sp[superscript 3] Orbitals and the Structure of Ethane 12
 1.8 Hybridization: sp[subscript 2] Orbitals and the Structure of Ethylene 13
 1.9 Hybridization: sp Orbitals and the Structure of Acetylene 16
 1.10 Polar Covalent Bonds: Electronegativity 17
 1.11 Acids and Bases: The Bronsted--Lowry Definition 20
 1.12 Acids and Bases: The Lewis Definition 24
 2 The Nature of Organic Compounds: Alkanes 34
 2.1 Functional Groups 35
 2.2 Alkanes and Alkyl Groups: Isomers 41
 2.3 Naming Branched-Chain Alkanes 46
 2.4 Properties of Alkanes 49